Auspicious Event
Bibliography
1. Edwin A. Grosvenor, Constantinople, p. 794; Howard A. Reed, Ottoman Reform the Janissaries: The Eskençi Layiha’i of 1826, (hereafter referred to as Reed, Eskençi), p. 193.

2. Bernard Lewis, The Emergence of Modern Turkey, (hereafter referred to as Lewis, Modern Turkey), pp. 70-71, 74-75; Stanford J. Shaw and Ezel Kural Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Volume II: Reform, Revolution and Republic, 1808-1975) (Hereafter referred to as Shaw, Reform, Revolution), p. 1; Reed, Eskençi, p. 194.

3. Harry Luke, The Making of Modern Turkey, p. 34; Shaw, Reform, Revolution, pp. 1-5; Harold Temperley, England and the Near East: The Crimea, (hereafter referred to as Temperley, The Crimea), pp. 5-6.

4. Shaw, Reform, Revolution, p. 1; Sutherland Menzies, Turkey Old and New: Historical, Geographical and Statistical (Hereafter referred to as Menzies, Historical), pp. 130-135; James de Kay, Sketches of Turkey in 1831 and 1832 (hereafter referred to as De Kay, Sketches), pp. 233-236.

5. Apparently, Mahmud II escaped death by hiding in a roll of carpets, in a bath furnace or on the palace roof. See, Howard A. Reed, The Destruction of the Janissary Corps by Mahmud II in June 1826, (hereafter referred to as Reed, Destruction), p. 8; Temperley suggests that black eunuchs rescued Mahmud. See, Temperley, The Crimea, p. 6.

6. Stanford J. Shaw and Ezel Kural Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Volume I, Between Old and New: The Ottoman Empire Under Selim III, 1789-1807 (hereafter referred to as Shaw, Between Old and New), pp. 397-405; De Kay, Sketches, pp. 232-236; Samuel S. Cox, Diversions of a Diplomat in Turkey (hereafter referred to as Cox, Diversions), p. 91; Shaw, Reform, Revolution, pp. 1-5.

7. Deena R. Sadat, Ayan and Aga: The Transformation of the Bekta’i Corps in the Eighteenth Century, (hereafter referred to as Sadat, Aya), pp. 206-219.

8. A Janissary Agha is commander in the Janissary forces.

9. Shaw, Reform, Revolution, pp. 1-5; Cox, Diversions, p. 91; Menzies, Historical, pp. 133-135.

10. Lewis, Modern Turkey, p. 82.

11. Lewis, Modern Turkey, p. 83.

12. Reed, Eskençi, pp. 194-195.

13. Rev. Hugh Macmillan, The Janissaries, p. 569; Reed, Eskençi, p. 195; Sadat, Ayan, pp. 210-215; Grosvenor, Constantinople, p. 794.

14. Sadat, Ayan, pp. 214-215; Avigdor Levy, The Military Policy of Sultan Mahmud II, 1808-1839 (hereafter referred to as Levy, Military Policy), pp. 165-166.

15. Reed, Destruction, pp. 39-44; Stanley Lane-Poole, The Life of the Right Honorable Stratford Canning, Viscount Stratford de Radcliffe (hereafter referred to as Lane-Poole, Canning), p. 417.

16. Shaw, Reform, Revolution, pp. 8-9; Reed, Destruction, pp. 39-44.

17. Shaw, Reform, Revolution, pp. 8-9; Reed, Destruction, pp. 39-44.

18. Shaw, Reform, Revolution, pp. 8-9.

19. Reed, Destruction, pp. 39-44.

20. Lane-Poole, Canning, pp. 396-397.

21. Lane-Poole, Canning, pp. 396-397, Levy, Military Policy, pp. 122-123.

22. Levy, Military Policy, pp. 123-131.

23. Levy, Military Policy, pp. 127-130.

24. Levy, Military Policy, pp. 143.

25. Reed, Eskençi, p. 197.

26. Reed, Destruction, pp. 196-198.

27. Reed, Destruction, pp. 200-210.

28. Reed, Destruction, p. 210.

29. Reed, Destruction, p. 210.

30. Avigdor Levy, The Ottoman Ulama and the Military Reform of Sultan Mahmud II, pp. 18-20.

31. Reed, Destruction, pp. 217-226.

32. Edward Creasey in Reed, Destruction, p. 362.