Primary Sources
Cox, Samuel S. Diversions of a Diplomat in Turkey, (New York: Charles L. Webster and Company, 1893)
Creasey, Edward S. History of the Ottoman Turks from the Beginning of Their Empire to the Present Time, (London: University College, 1878)
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Lane-Poole, Stanley The Life of the Right Honorable Stratford Canning, Viscount de Radcliffe, (London: Longmans, Green and Company, 1888)
Lane-Poole, Stanley Turkey, (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1888)
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Secondary Sources
Books
Adivar, Halide Edib Turkey Faces West: A Turkish View of Recent Changes and Their Origin, (London: Oxford University Press, 1930)
Aroian, Lois A. and Richard P. Mitchell The Modern Middle East and Northern Africa, (New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1984)
Cambridge Modern History, (New York: Macmillan Company, Cambridge University Press, 1934)
Eversley, G. J. S. and Valentine Chirol The Turkish Empire: From 1288 to 1924, (New York: Howard Fertig, 1969)
Levy, Avigdor “Chapter III: The Failure of Gradual Reform,” pp. 122-172 from The Military Policy of Sultan Mahmud II (1808-1839), (unpublished preliminary draft, 1968)
Lewis, Bernard The Emergence of Modern Turkey, (London: Oxford University Press, 1961)
Luke, Harry The Making of Modern Turkey, (London: Macmillan and Company, 1936)
Miller, William The Ottoman Empire and Its Successors, 1801-1927, (New York: Octagon Books, 1966)
Reed, Howard A. The Destruction of the Janissaries by Sultan Mahmud II in June 1826, (unpublished doctoral dissertation, Princeton University, 1951)
Shaw, Stanford J. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Volume I, Between Old and New: The Ottoman Empire Under Sultan Selim II (1789-1807), (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971)
Shaw, Stanford J. and Ezel Kural Shaw History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Volume II, Reform, Revolution and Republic, 1808-1975, (London: Cambridge University Press, 1977)
Temperley, Harold England and the Near East: The Crimea, (London: Longmans, Green and Company, 1936)
Articles
Levy, Avigdor “The Officer Corps in Sultan Mahmud II’s New Ottoman Army, 1826-1839,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 2 (1971), pp. 21-39
Levy, Avigdor “The Ottoman Ulama and the Military Reforms of Sultan Mahmud II,” African Studies 7 (1971), pp. 13-39
Lewis, Bernard “Slade on Turkey,” Social and Economic History of Turkey, 1071-1920, ed. by Osman Okyar and Halil Inalcik, (Ankara, 1977), pp. 215-226
Macmillan, Rev. Hugh “The Janissaries,” Good Word, Volume 37, pp. 564-570
Reed, Howard A. “Ottoman Reform and the Janissaries: The Eskençi Layihasi of 1826,” Social and Economic History of Turkey, 1071-1920, ed. by Osman Okyar and Halil Inalcik, (Ankara, 1977), 193-197
Sadat, Deena R. “Ayan and Aga: The Transformation of the Bekta’i Corps in the Eighteenth Century,” Muslim World 63 (1973), pp. 206-219
Shaw, Stanford J. “The Nizami Çedid Army Under Selim III,” Oriens 8-19 (1965-66), pp. 168-184
Shaw, Stanford J. “The Ottoman Military Reform: The Nizami Çedid Army Under Selim III, Journal of Modern History 37 (1965), pp. 291-305
